Overheating in commercial buildings - The case for dynamic shading technology

According to a report published by the Climate Change Committee in July 2022, increasingly hot summers could lead to a trebling of health and productivity impacts if buildings are not adapted to cope with conditions. Even with a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions experts still expect the average summer temperature to increase significantly by 2050.

Overheating has become such an important topic that the need to address it has now been included in many countries, for example, in UK building regulations. Approved Document O introduces glazing limits in new-build homes, care homes, schools and student accommodation in an attempt to reduce unwanted solar gain and keep buildings cool.

The question is what can building designers, construction companies and building owners do to tackle the issue of overheating and ensure occupant wellbeing?

What do we mean by overheating?

The Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) defines overheating in buildings as ‘the accumulation of heat within a building which can lead to occupants experiencing discomfort or impact processes being undertaken in the space’.

Due to the impact of climate change, heatwaves have become the norm across Europe and large numbers of buildings are under threat from overheating. The issue presents architects and designers with a unique challenge. How do you create an energy efficient space that stays cool in the summer and warm in the winter while ensuring occupants' comfort and productivity is prioritised.   

Static, or manual shading versus automated shading

Much of Europe’s existing building stock relies on shading solutions to reduce temperatures within office spaces. However, relying on static or manual shading doesn’t really work. Why not? Take for example a large office building where staff close the blinds to reduce the temperature or block glare. It may work to some extent, for a short period of time but more often than not, staff leave the blinds closed even when conditions outside have changed, which will have a negative impact on their indoor environment.

A study conducted by ESTIA (Building Physics and Sustainable Development School) found that on average, blinds in an office are manually adjusted twice a week and only 12% of people adjust shading more than once a day. This means many blinds will remain static and inefficient cooling and lighting solutions are engaged for much longer than needed.

Opting to install automated ‘dynamic’ shading solutions can reduce reliance on HVAC systems and artificial lighting, which in turn, will increase energy efficiency, reduce annual costs and improve staff’s productivity and wellbeing. Dynamic shading technology responds to environmental conditions and adjusts automatically, diffusing direct sunlight and removing the need for manually operated systems. According to research, smart shading solutions could reduce energy consumption for space cooling by up to 60% by 2050.

The role of technology and automation

Automation is key to creating a comfortable and productive indoor environment. By installing solutions such as dynamic solar shading you can reduce cooling output, balance natural daylight, control glare and even reduce the amount of heating required.

For example, a study carried out by the British Blind and Shutter Association found that the maximum temperature recorded in the unshaded roof of a residential building was 47.5 degrees Celsius. However, the same experiment was conducted when either automated internal or external shading devices had been installed and the results showed a dramatic reduction in temperatures. With external solar shading installed the roof temperature fell by up to 18 degrees Celsius and when internal shading devices were used it fell by up to 13 degrees Celsius.

To create a space where temperatures can be controlled, designers must consider the transmission of light and warmth as well as the environmental conditions, geographical location and building orientation. Embracing automation not only makes the building more efficient it also results in daylight levels being maximised and controlled, no matter the season or time of day.

Crucially, the increased efficiency provided by technology and automation can contribute to fewer CO2 emissions. Similarly, balancing energy efficiency with the needs of building occupants means comfort levels can be optimised which leads to improved productivity and wellbeing.

How can Somfy help address overheating?

There’s no denying the fact that extreme summers are becoming the norm and annual temperatures are increasing. The impact this could have on existing building stock is significant and there is a clear need to embrace sustainable solutions that can combat the issue of overheating.

Dynamic shading solutions can also work in conjunction with intelligent Building Management Systems to communicate with other services in the building and create the optimal indoor environment. This not only helps occupants feel more comfortable but can also reduce annual energy costs and emissions.

Whether your project goals are related to occupant wellbeing and comfort or sustainability, Somfy’s local experts have the knowledge and expertise to help transform new or existing buildings and are here to support you every step of the way.

To see how dynamic solar shading works in offices watch our video Somfy - Discover the benefits of Dynamic Solar Shading for office buildings - YouTube